Bambance-bambancen Tsarin Canjin Yanke Makamashi Mai Ƙarfi a cikin Taurarin Seyfert

1. Gabatarwa

Taurari Masu Aiki (AGNs) suna wakiltar wasu daga cikin mafi yawan abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi a sararin samaniya, tare da fitowar su na X-ray mai wuya da farko ana samar da su a cikin wurare masu zafi, ƙanana da ake kira coronae. A cikin daidaitaccen tsarin diski-corona, wannan fitowar ta samo asali ne daga jujjuyawar Compton na hasken iri daga faifan tarawa, yana samar da siffa ta musamman mai ci gaba da yanke makamashi mai ƙarfi. Kudurin Karkatar da Haske na Nukiliya (NuSTAR), wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2012, ya kawo sauyi ga ikonmu na nazarin waɗannan hanyoyin masu ƙarfi tare da ƙwaƙƙwaran hankali a cikin bandejin X-ray mai wuya (3-79 keV).

Matsakaicin yanke makamashi mai ƙarfi (E_cut) yana ba da mahimmancin takurawa akan ilimin sararin samaniya na corona, saboda yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da zafin jiki na corona. Binciken da ya gabata ya gano bambance-bambancen E_cut a cikin AGNs da yawa, ciki har da 3C 382, NGC 5548, Mrk 335, da 4C 74.26. Zhang et al. (2018) sun gano yuwuwar halayen "mai zafi-lokacin mai haske" a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin, inda corona ya zama mai zafi yayin da tushen ya yi haske kuma ya laushi. Duk da haka, ƙarancin girman samfurin da yuwuwar misalan adawa kamar Ark 564 suna nuna buƙatar ƙarin bincike cikin haɗin kai na wannan tsari.

Wannan binciken ya gabatar da sabbin ganowa na bambance-bambancen E_cut a cikin taurarin Seyfert guda biyu—NGC 3227 da SWIFT J2127.4+5654—yana bayyana bambance-bambancen tsari waɗanda ke ƙalubalantar sauƙaƙan ƙirar haɗin kai na halayen corona.

2. Abubuwan Lura da Rage Bayanai

2.1 NGC 3227

NGC 3227 tauraro ne mai nishadi na Seyfert 1.5 wanda ba shi da rediyo wanda yake a redshift z = 0.00391. Tushen yana nuna fitowar X-ray mai sauyi sosai da sifofin sha masu sarƙaƙiya. An yi nazarin abubuwan lura guda bakwai na NuSTAR, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga wani abu mai sauri da aka gano tsakanin abubuwan lura 60202002010 da 60202002010 ta Turner et al. (2018). Wannan lamarin ya bayyana yankuna masu ɗaukar hoto da yawa, yana mai da NGC 3227 makarantar kimiyya mai kyau don nazarin tasirin sha da kaddarorin corona na asali.

2.2 SWIFT J2127.4+5654

SWIFT J2127.4+5654 wani tauraro ne na Seyfert da aka yi nazari ta hanyar bayyanar NuSTAR da yawa. Tushen yana nuna bambance-bambancen bakan mai mahimmanci a cikin abubuwan lura, yana ba da dama mai kyau don bincika alaƙar tsakanin sigogin bakan da bambance-bambancen haske.

2.3 Sarrafa Bayanai

An rage duk bayanan NuSTAR ta amfani da daidaitattun hanyoyi tare da Software Analysis na NuSTAR (NuSTARDAS) sigar 2.0.0. An samar da fayilolin abubuwan da aka tsarkace ta amfani da aikin nupipeline tare da ma'auni na tacewa. An ciro bayanan bakan tushen daga yankuna masu da'ira da ke tsakiya akan tushen, yayin da aka ciro bayanan bakan na baya daga yankunan da ba su da tushe akan na'urar gano iri ɗaya. An tsara duk bayanan bakan don tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin adadin 20 a kowane raki don sauƙaƙe ƙididdiga na χ².

3. Hanyar Binciken Bakan

Binciken bakan ya yi amfani da ƙirar da ke motsa jiki don siffanta fitowar X-ray mai wuya. Abubuwan ƙira na farko sun haɗa da:

• Ƙirar Ci gaba: An yi amfani da ƙirar ikon yanke don wakiltar fitowar corona na farko, tare da sigogi don ma'aunin photon (Γ) da yanke makamashi mai ƙarfi (E_cut).
• Abubuwan Tunani: An haɗa ɓangaren tunani na relativistic ta amfani da ƙirar relxill don yin lissafin fitowar da aka sake sarrafawa daga faifan tarawa.
• Ƙirar Sha: An ƙirƙira sha mai sarƙaƙiya tare da abubuwan sha masu dacewa, musamman ma mahimmanci ga NGC 3227 saboda sanannen sha mai canzawa.
• Haɗin kai: An haɗa abubuwan da suka dace don yin lissafin ƙananan rashin tabbas na haɗin kai tsakanin na'urorin gano NuSTAR na FPMA da FPMB.

An takura sigogin ƙira ta hanyar haɗin kai na duk abubuwan lura ga kowane tushe, tare da mahimman sigogi (Γ da E_cut) an bar su su bambanta tsakanin zamani yayin kiyaye daidaito a cikin abubuwan tunani da sha inda aka ba da hujja ta jiki.

4. Sakamako da Bincike

4.1 NGC 3227: Dangantaka Mai Ma'ana

A cikin NGC 3227, mun gano bayyanannen dangantaka mai ma'ana tsakanin E_cut da Γ, tare da E_cut yana ƙaruwa a tsari yayin da bakan ke laushi (ƙara Γ). Wannan tsari ya yi daidai da halin "mai zafi-lokacin mafi laushi" da aka ruwaito a baya a cikin wasu AGNs. Alakar ta kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin jihohin haske daban-daban, yana nuna alaƙa ta asali tsakanin dumama corona da laushin bakan.

4.2 SWIFT J2127.4+5654: Tsarin Siffar Λ

SWIFT J2127.4+5654 yana nuna halin da ya fi rikitarwa, tare da alaƙar E_cut–Γ yana bin siffa ta Λ. A ƙasa da Γ ≈ 2.05, E_cut yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙara Γ, kama da tsarin da aka gani a cikin NGC 3227. Duk da haka, sama da wannan wurin karyewa, dangantakar ta koma baya, tare da E_cut yana raguwa yayin da Γ ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Wannan yana wakiltar ganowa na farko na irin wannan cikakken tsarin Λ a cikin AGN guda ɗaya, tare da bambance-bambancen Γ na tushen da ke ketare mahimmin batu na karyewa.

4.3 Halin Laushi-lokacin-Mai-Haske

Dukansu hanyoyin suna nuna daidaitaccen halin "mai laushi-lokacin-mai-haske" da aka saba a cikin taurarin Seyfert, inda bakan ke laushi (ƙara Γ) yayin da hasken X-ray ke ƙaruwa. An kafa wannan tsari da kyau a cikin nazarin AGN kuma ana tunanin yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin zurfin gani na corona na Compton ko lissafi.

4.4 Ra'ayi na Haɗin kai na Samfurin AGN

Lokacin zana duk AGNs bakwai tare da tabbataccen bambance-bambancen E_cut a cikin zanen E_cut–Γ, mun sami cewa za a iya haɗa su a ƙarƙashin tsarin tsarin Λ. Yayin da yawancin hanyoyin kawai ke nuna ɓangarori na wannan tsari saboda iyakancewar kewayon Γ a cikin abubuwa ɗaya, SWIFT J2127.4+5654 yana ba da cikakken hoto ta hanyar shimfiɗa ɓangarorin biyu na wurin karyewa.

5. Tattaunawa da Tasiri

5.1 Hanyoyin Jiki don Bambance-bambancen E_cut

Abubuwan da aka gano suna nuna hanyoyin jiki da yawa da ke aiki a cikin coronae na AGN:

• Canje-canjen Geometric: Bambance-bambance a girman corona ko lissafi zai iya shafar duka Γ da E_cut a lokaci guda. Ƙarin ƙaramin corona zai iya haifar da duka bayanai masu wuya da manyan makamashi na yanke.
• Samarwa Biyu: Samar da nau'i-nau'i na lantarki-positron zai iya daidaita zafin jiki na corona, yana haifar da matsakaicin zafin jiki na halitta wanda ke bayyana a matsayin juyawa a cikin tsarin Λ.
• Ma'aunin Dumama-Sanyaya: Canje-canje a cikin ƙimar dumama ko ingancin sanyaya na iya haifar da bambance-bambancen da aka haɗa a cikin sigogin bakan.

5.2 Wurin Karyewa na Tsarin Λ

Wurin karyewa a Γ ≈ 2.05 a cikin SWIFT J2127.4+5654 na iya wakiltar mahimmin sauyi a cikin kaddarorin corona. Ƙasa da wannan batu, ƙarin dumama ya mamaye, yana samar da duka bayanai masu laushi da manyan makamashi na yanke. Sama da wannan batu, ƙarin hanyoyin sanyaya ko samarwa biyu na iya iyakance ƙarin hauhawar zafin jiki duk da ci gaba da laushin bakan.

5.3 Kwatancen da Nazarin Da Ya Gabata

Sakamakonmu yana goyan baya da kuma faɗaɗa binciken da ya gabata. Tsarin farko na "mai zafi-lokacin-mai-laushi" da Zhang et al. (2018) suka ruwaito ya bayyana yana aiki don ɓangaren hawan tsarin Λ. Duk da haka, gano reshen saukowa yana bayyana dangantaka mai rikitarwa wanda ke buƙatar gyara sauƙaƙan ƙirar haɗin kai.

5.4 Tasiri ga Ilimin Jiki na Corona

Tsarin Λ yana nuna cewa coronae na AGN na iya aiki a cikin mulki daban-daban dangane da mahimman sigoginsu na asali. Wurin karyewa zai iya dacewa da takamaiman yanayin jiki, kamar zurfin gani inda ingancin Comptonization ke canzawa ko inda samarwa biyu ya zama mahimmanci.

6. Ƙarshe

Wannan binciken ya gabatar da ci gaba mai mahimmanci a fahimtar bambance-bambancen E_cut a cikin AGNs ta hanyar cikakken bincike na NGC 3227 da SWIFT J2127.4+5654. Gano bambance-bambancen tsari—mai ma'ana a cikin NGC 3227 da siffar Λ a cikin SWIFT J2127.4+5654—ya bayyana cewa hanyoyin jiki da yawa suna yiwuwa suna aiki a cikin coronae na AGN. Tsarin haɗin kai na Λ da aka ba da shawara yana ɗaukar duk AGNs da aka sani tare da bambance-bambancen E_cut, kodayake ƙaramin girman samfurin yana buƙatar taka tsantsan.

Mahimman fahimta daga wannan binciken sun haɗa da:

• Bambance-bambancen E_cut sun fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda aka sani a baya, tare da duka reshe masu ƙaruwa da raguwa mai yiwuwa
• Tsarin Λ yana ba da yuwuwar tsarin haɗin kai don halayen AGN daban-daban
• Hanyoyin jiki da yawa, ciki har da canje-canjen geometric da samarwa biyu, suna yiwuwa suna ba da gudummawa ga abubuwan da aka lura
• SWIFT J2127.4+5654 yana wakiltar muhimmin tushe a matsayin kawai AGN da ke nuna cikakken tsarin Λ a cikin abu ɗaya

Nazarin gaba tare da manyan samfurori da yakin saka ido mai tsayi zai zama dole don tabbatar da haɗin kai na tsarin Λ da kuma inganta fahimtarmu game da ilimin sararin samaniya na corona na asali. Ci gaba da aikin NuSTAR da manufofin X-ray masu zuwa za su ba da dama masu ban sha'awa don bincika waɗannan abubuwan ƙari.